This is not an exhaustive bibliography of available Baltimore related books and articles. Additional items will be added as staff time allows. The foundation of this list was pulled from the bibliography of Joseph L. Arnold's unpublished manuscript on the history of Baltimore.
Adams, Charles Francis, ed. Memoirs of John Quincy Adams, Vol. 4. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott Co., 1874-1877. Alderson, Frederick. Bicycling: A History. New York: Preager Publishers, 1972. (Check availability at UMBC)
Anson, Melanie D. Olmsted’s Sudbrook: The Making of a Community. Baltimore: Privately Published, 1997. (Check availability at UMBC)
Arnold, Joseph L. “Suburban Growth and Municipal Annexation in Baltimore, 1745-1968.” Maryland Historical Magazine 73, No 2 (Summer 1978): 109-128.
Baker, Jean. The Politics of Continuity: Maryland Political Parties from 1858 to 1870. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1973. (Check availability at UMBC)
Basler, Roy P., ed. The Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1954. (Check availability at UMBC)
Becker, Ernest J. “The Society from the History of the Germans in Maryland: A Chronicle.”Society from the History of the Germans in Maryland, 28 (1952).
Beirne, D. Randall. “The Impact of Black Labor on European Immigration into Baltimore’s Oldtown.” Maryland Historical Magazine 83, No. 4 (Winter 1988): 331-345.
Belfoure, Charles and Mary Ellen Hayward. The Baltimore Rowhouse. New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 1999. (Check availability at UMBC)
Ben-Sassoon, H.H., ed. A History of the Jewish People. Cambridge: Harvard University Press,1994. (Check availability at UMBC)
Bevan, Edith. “The Continental Congress in Baltimore.” Maryland Historical Magazine 7, No 3 (September 1912): 21-28.
Bilhartz, Terry D. ''Urban Religion and the Second Great Awakening: A Religious History of Baltimore, Maryland, 1790-1830." Ph.D. diss., The George Washington University,1979. (Check availability at UMBC)
Blassingame, John W. and John R. McKivigan, eds. The Frederick Douglass Papers, Series One: Speeches, Debates, and Interviews, Vol. 4: 1854-80. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1991.
Blum, Isidor. The Jews of Baltimore. Baltimore: Washington Historical Review Publishing Company, 1910. (Check availability at UMBC)
Bonner, Charles H. John Pendleton Kennedy: Gentleman from Baltimore. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1961. (Check availability at UMBC)
Brackett, Jeffrey R. Notes on the Progress of the Colored People of Maryland Since the War: A Supplement to The Negro in Maryland: A Study of the Institution of Slavery. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University, 1890. (Check availability at UMBC)
Brooks, Neal and Eric Rockel. A History of Baltimore County. Towson, Maryland: Friends of the Towson Library, 1979. (Check availability at UMBC)
Brown, Alexander C. The Old Bay Line, 1840-1940. New York: Crown Publishers, 1965.
Browne, Gary L. Baltimore in the Nation, 1789-1861. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1980. (Check availability at UMBC)
Brugger, Robert. Maryland: A Middle Temperament, 1634-1980. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1988. (Check availability at UMBC)
Buckingham, James Silk. America: Historical, Statistic, and Descriptive. London: Fisher, Son & Company, 1841. (Check availability at UMBC)
Callcott, Margaret Law. The Negro in Maryland Politics, 1870-1912. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, 1969. (Check availability at UMBC)
Carroll, Douglas and Blanche D. Coll. “The Baltimore Alms House: An Early History.” Maryland Historical Magazine 66, No 1 (Summer 1971): 135-152.
Catton, William Bruce. “The Baltimore Business Community and the Secession Crises, 1860- 1861,” M.A. Thesis, The University of Maryland, 1952.
----------------------. “John W. Garrett of the Baltimore and Ohio: A Study of the Seaport and Railroad Competition, 1820-1874.” Ph.D dissertation, Northwestern University, 1959. (Check availability at UMBC)
Chesapeake and Potomac Telephone Company. The Telephone in Maryland. Baltimore: Chesapeake and Potomac Telephone Co. of Maryland, 1974.
Clark, Charles B. “Suppression and Control of Maryland, 1861-1865.” Maryland Historical Magazine, Vol. 54. Fall, 1959. 241-271.
Clark, Elmer T., et. al. The Journals and Letters of Francis Asbury, Vol. 1(1771-1793). London: Epworth Publishers, 1958.
Cohen, Naomi W. Encounter with Emancipation: The German Jews in the United States, 1830- 1914. Philadelphia: The Jewish Historical Society of America, 1984. (Check availability at UMBC)
Cook, Edward T. A Subaltern's Furlough: Descriptive Scenes in Various Parts of the United States...and Lower Canada during the Summer and Autumn of1832. London: Saunders and Otley, 1833.
Coyle, Wilbur, ed. First Records of Baltimore Town and Jones Town. Baltimore: The Mayor and City Council, 1905. (Check availability at UMBC)
Cramm, Joetta M. A Pictorial History of Howard County. Norfolk, VA: The Donning Co.,1987. (Check availability at UMBC)
Crooks, James B. Politics and Progress: The Rise of Municipal Progressivism in Baltimore, 1895-1911. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1968.
Cunz, Dieter. The Maryland Germans: A History. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1948. (Check availability at UMBC)
Deale, Robert E., Jr. “The History of the Baltimore County Police Department, 1874-1985.” MA Thesis, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1985. (Check availability at UMBC)
Dehler, Katharine B. “Mount Vernon Place at the Turn of the Century: A Vignette of the Garrett Family.” Maryland Historical Magazine 69, No. 3 (Fall 1974): 279-292.
Description of Mount Washington: Rural Retreat. Baltimore: John W. Woods, 1854.
Devereux, Roy. The Colossus of Roads: A Life of John Loudon McAdam. New York: Oxford University Press, 1936. (Check availability at UMBC)
Diner, Hasia. A Time for Gathering: The Second Migration, 1820-1880. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1995. (Check availability at UMBC)
Dinnersten, Leonard. Anti-Semitism in America. New York: Oxford University Press, 1994.
Ditman, David B. “Conversion to Cable and Electric Power by the Street Railway Companies of Baltimore.” Student paper, University of Maryland Baltimore County.
Douglass, Frederick. Life and Times of Frederick Douglass, Written by Himself. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1962. (Check availability at UMBC)
DuBois, W.E.B., ed. The Negro in Business. Atlanta University Publications, No. 4. Atlanta: Atlanta University Press, 1899. (Check availability at UMBC)
Duncan, John M. Travels Through the United States and Canada in 1818 and 1819, Vol. II. London: Hurst, Robinson & Company, 1832. (Check availability at UMBC)
Duncan, Richard R. “The Social and Economic Impact of the Civil War on Maryland.” Dissertation, Ph.D., Ohio State University, 1963. (Check availability at UMBC)
Echterncamp, Jorg. “Emerging Ethnicity: The German Experience in Antebellum Baltimore.” Maryland Historical Magazine 86, No 1 (Spring 1991): 1-22.
Eddis, William. Letters from America. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1969. (Check availability at UMBC)
Ellis, John Tracy. The Life of James Cardinal Gibbons, Archbishop of Baltimore, 1834-1921. Milwaukee, WI: The Bruce Publishing Company, 1952. (Check availability at UMBC)
Farrell, Michael R. Who Made All our Streetcars Go? The Story of Rail Transit in Baltimore. Baltimore: NRHS Publications, 1973. (Check availability at UMBC)
Fein, Isaac M. The Making of American Jewish Community: A History Baltimore Jewry from 1773 to 1920. Baltimore: Jewish Historical Society of Maryland, 1971. (Check availability at UMBC)
Feingold, Henry L, ed. The Jewish People in America. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1992.
Fenton, Nancy A. “Baltimore’s Water Supply, 1781-1854.” Master’s thesis, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1991.
Fields, Barbara Jeanne. Slavery and Freedom on the Middle Ground: Maryland During the Nineteenth Century. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1985. (Check availability at UMBC)
Fineman, Irving. Woman of Valor: The Life of Henrietta Szold. New York: Simon and Schuster,1961. (Check availability at UMBC)
Flink, James J. America Adopts the Automobile, 1895-1910. Cambridge: The MIT Press, 1970. (Check availability at UMBC)
------------------. The Automobile Age. Cambridge: The MIT Press, 1998. (Check availability at UMBC)
Folsom, De Francis. Our Police: A History of the Baltimore Police from the First Watchman to the Latest Appointee. Baltimore: J.D. Ehlers & Co., 1888. (Check availability at UMBC)
Franch, Michael S. “Congregation and Community in Baltimore, 1840-1860.” Ph.D dissertation, University of Maryland College Park, 1984.
Frank, Otto H. “One Hundred Years of the General German Orphan Home, 1863-1963.” Society for the History of Germans in Maryland, 32 (1963): 47-58.
Frederickson, George M. The Black Image in the White Mind: The Debate on Afro American Character and Destiny, 1817-1914. New York: Harper and Row Publishers, 1971. (Check availability at UMBC)
Freeman, Elaine K. “Harvey Johnson and Everett Waring: A Study of Leadership in the Baltimore Negro Community, 1880-1900.” Master’s Thesis, The George Washington University, 1968.
Frey, Jacob. Reminiscences of Baltimore. Baltimore: Maryland Book Concern, 1893. (Check availability at UMBC)
Gasser, Susan. “Catonsville: The Town Described in The Argus.” UMBC, 1986.
Gardiner, Evelyn. “Second Generation Jews Recall Life in Baltimore.” Student Paper, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1992.
Garitee, Jerome R. The Republic's Private Navy: The American Privateering Business as Practiced by Baltimore during the War of1812. Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press, 1977. (Check availability at UMBC)
Garonzik, Joseph. “The Racial and Ethnic Make-up of Baltimore Neighborhoods, 1850-1870.” The Maryland Historical Magazine 71, no. 3 (1975): 392-402.
Gatewood, Willard B. Aristocrats of Color: The Black Elite, 1880-1920. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 1993. (Check availability at UMBC)
Gilmor, Robert. “Recollections of Baltimore.” Maryland Historical Magazine 7, No 3 (September 1912): 233-242.
Goldman, Eric F. Charles J. Bonaparte: Patrician Reformer. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1952. (Check availability at UMBC)
Gould, Clarence P. “The Economic Causes of the Rise of Baltimore.” In Essays in Colonial History Presented to Charles McLean Andrews by His Students. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1931. (Check availability at UMBC)
Graham, Leroy. Baltimore: The Nineteenth Century Black Capital. Lanham, MD: University Press of American, 1982. (Check availability at UMBC)
Greenberg, Amy S.”Mayhem in Mobtown: Firefighting in Antebellum Baltimore.” Maryland Historical Magazine 90 (1994): 164-179.
Griffith, Thomas. Annals of Baltimore. Baltimore: Turnbull Brothers, 1874. (Check availability at UMBC)
Hall, Basil. Travels in North America in the Years 1827 and 1828. Edinburgh: Caddell and Company, 1829. (Check availability at UMBC)
Hall, Margaret Hunter. The Aristocratic Journey: Being the Outspoken Letters of Mrs. Basil Hall Written During a Fourteen Months’ Sojourn in America, 1827-1828. New York: G.P. Putnam’s Sons, 1931. (Check availability at UMBC)
Hart, Richard H. Enoch Pratt: The Story of a Plain Man. Baltimore: Enoch Pratt Free Library,1935.(Check availability at UMBC)
Henninghaussen, Louis P. History of the German Society of Maryland. Baltimore: W.E.C. Harrison and Sons, 1909. (Check availability at UMBC)
Hewes, Laurence I. American Highway Practice. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1942. (Check availability at UMBC)
Hirschfeld, Charles. Baltimore: 1870-1900, Studies in Social History. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1941. (Check availability at UMBC)
A History and Description of the Baltimore and Ohio Rail Road with an Appendix and an Original Report of the Great Opening Celebration at Wheeling, Virginia. Baltimore: John Murphy & Co., 1853.
Hobson, Fred. Mencken: A Life. New York: Random House, 1994. (Check availability at UMBC)
Hobson, Fred, et. al., eds. Twenty-Five Years of Newspaper Work: A Memoir by H.L. Mencken. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1994.
Hollander, J.H. The Financial History of Baltimore. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1899. (Check availability at UMBC)
Hollifield, William. Difficulties Made Easy: A History of Turnpikes of Baltimore City and County. Baltimore: Baltimore Historical Society, 1978.(Check availability at UMBC)
Howard, William T. Public Health Administration and the Natural History of Disease in Baltimore, Maryland, 1797-1920.Washington, DC: The Carnegie Institution, 1924. (Check availability at UMBC)
Johnson, Arthur Newhall. Maryland Geological Survey. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1899.
Johnson, Edward. Mayor’s Annual Message. January 5, 1824.
Johnson, William R. “Chanting Choristers: Simultaneous Recitation in Baltimore’s Nineteenth Century Primary Schools.” History of Education Quarterly 34, (1994): 1-23. (Check availability at UMBC)
Kahn, Philip, Jr. A Stitch in Time: The Four Seasons of Baltimore’s Needle Trades. Baltimore: Maryland Historical Society, 1989. (Check availability at UMBC)
Kelly, Jacque. Peabody Heights to Charles Village. Baltimore: The Equitable Trust Bank, 1976. (Check availability at UMBC)
Kolsky, Thomas A. Jews Against Zionism: The American Council for Judaism, 1942-1948. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1990. (Check availability at UMBC)
Latrobe, John H.B. “Reminiscences of Baltimore, 1824.” Maryland Historical Magazine 1, No 2 (June 1906): 113-133.
Lefkowitz, Helen. The Power and the Passion of M. Cary Thomas. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1994.
Leonardy, Charlotte. “The Irish and their Status in the Baltimore Community, 1880-1890.” UMBC History Department, 1979.
Levin, Alexandra Lee. “Henrietta Szold and the Russian Immigrant School.” Maryland History Magazine, 1. March 1962: 1-15.
Levin, Alexandra Lee. The Szold’s of Lombard Street, A Baltimore Family, 1859-1909. Philadelphia: The Jewish Publication Society of America, 1960. (Check availability at UMBC)
Lord, Walter. The Dawn's Early Light. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1994. (Check availability at UMBC)
Marks, Bayly Ellen and Mark N. Schatz, eds. Between North and South: The Narrative of William Wilkins Glenn, 1861-1869. Rutherford: Farleigh Dickinson University Press, 1976. (Check availability at UMBC)
Maryland Geological Survey Commission. Maryland Geological Survey, V 3, Part IV. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, 1899.
Maryland State Archives. Archives of Maryland, Vol. 61, Proclamations and Acts of the General Assembly of Maryland, 1766-1768.
McShane, Clay. Down the Asphalt Path: The Automobile and the City. New York: Columbia University Press, 1994. (Check availability at UMBC)
Menken, H.L. Happy Days. Baltimore: A.A. Knopf, 1940. (Check availability at UMBC)
Mencken, H.L. Heathen Days. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1943. (Check availability at UMBC)
Mencken, H.L. Thirty-Five Years of Newspaper Work. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996. (Check availability at UMBC)
Morris, John G. “The Germans of Baltimore.” Society for the History of Germans in Maryland, 7, (1894).
Orser, Edward and Joseph L. Arnold. Catonsville: From Village to Suburb, 1880-1940. Norfolk, VA: The Donning Publishing Co. 1989.
Osthaus, Carl. Freedmen, Philanthropy and Fraud: A History of Freedmen’s Savings Bank. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press, 1976.
Owens, Leonard. Financial History of Baltimore: 1900-1926. Johns Hopkins University Press:1929. (Check availability at UMBC)
Palmer, John. Journal of Travels in the United States of North America and Lower Canada, Performed in the Year 1817. London: Sherwood, Neely and Jones, 1818. (Check availability at UMBC)
Paul, William George. “The Shadow of Equality: The Negro in Baltimore, 1864-1911.” PhD Dissertation, University of Wisconsin, 1972.
Payne, Peter L. and Lance E. Davis. The Savings Bank of Baltimore, 1818-1866: A Historical and Analytical Study. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1954. (Check availability at UMBC)
Phillips, Christopher. Freedom’s Port: The African American Community of Baltimore, 1790- 1860. Chicago: University of Illinois, 1997. (Check availability at UMBC)
Pleasants, J. Hall, ed. Archives of Maryland, Vol. 61, Proclamations and Acts of the General Assembly of Maryland, 1766-1768. Baltimore: Maryland Historical Society, 1944.
Pohuski, Michael. “A U-Boat in Baltimore Harbor: The Deutschland, 1916-1921.” Maryland Historical Magazine, 87, No. 1. (Spring 1992): 42-58.
Powers, Garrett. “Apartheid Baltimore Style: The Residential Segregation Ordinances of 1910-1913.” Maryland Law Review 42, No. 2 (1983): 289-328.
Pumphrey, Muriel. “Mary Richmond and the Rise of Professional Social Work in Baltimore.” PhD Dissertation, Columbia University School of Social Work, 1956.
Pruce, Earle. Synagogues, Temples and Congregations of Maryland, 1830-1990. Baltimore: The Jewish Historical Society of Maryland, 1993. (Check availability at UMBC)
Rae, John B. The American Automobile: A Brief History. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1965. (Check availability at UMBC)
Reese, Lizette Woodworth. A Victorian Village: Reminiscence of Other Days. New York: Farrar and Rinehart, 1929. (Check availability at UMBC)
“Residents of Baltimore Before 1776.” Maryland Historical Magazine (March 1947): 41-45.
R.L. Polk’s Baltimore City Directory for 1915. Baltimore, MD: R.L. Polk & Co., 1915.
Rosen, Christine M. The Limits of Power: Great Fires and the Process of City Growth in America. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986.
Rosenau, William. “Cardinal Gibbons and His Attitudes Towards Jewish Problems.” Publications of the American Historical Society, 31. 1928: 219-224.
Rubinsky, Beth. “Restrictive Covenants Do Not Explain Jewish Migration into the Northwest Suburbs of Baltimore.” Student Paper, University of Maryland Law School, 1986.
Rumble, Walker. “Rectitude and Reform: Charles J. Bonaparte and the Politics of Gentility, 1851-1921.” Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Maryland, 1971.
Sacher, Howard M. The Course of Modern Jewish History, Reverend Ed. New York: Vintage Books, 1990. (Check availability at UMBC)
Sacher, Howard M. A History of the Jews in America. New York: Random House, 1992.(Check availability at UMBC)
Saint- Méry, Moreau de. Moreau de St. Méry's American Journey. Garden City, New York: Doubleday and Company, 1947. (Check availability at UMBC)
Sanders, Jack, ed. Do You Remember: The Whimsical Letters of H.L. Mencken and Philip Goodman. Baltimore: The Maryland Historical Society, 1996.
Satek, Pamela B. “William Lux of Baltimore: 18th Century Merchant.” Master’s Thesis, University of Maryland College Park, 1974.
Scharf, J. Thomas. The Chronicles of Baltimore. Baltimore: Turnbull Brothers, 1874. (Check availability at UMBC)
-----------------------. History of Baltimore City and County. Philadelphia: Louis H. Everts, 1881. (Check availability at UMBC)
Seal, Rector R. Maryland Automobile History, 1900 to 1942. Chicago: Adams Press, 1985.
Seely, Bruce E. “Highway Engineers as Policy Makers: The Bureau of Public Roads, 1893-1944.” Ph.D dissertation, University of Delaware, 1982. (Check availability at UMBC)
Semmes, Raphael. Baltimore as Seen by Visitors, 1783-1860. Baltimore: Maryland Historical Society, 1953. (Check availability at UMBC)
Shannon, William V. The American Irish: A Political Social Portrait. Amherst, MA: University of Massachusetts Press, 1966.
Sheads, Scott S. The Rockets’ Red Glare: The Maritime Defense of Baltimore in 1814. Centerville, MD: Tidewater Publishers, 1986. (Check availability at UMBC)
Sheller, Tina. “Artisans and the Evolution of Baltimore Town, 1765-1790.” Ph.D. dissertation, University of Maryland College Park, 1990.(Check availability at UMBC)
-----------------. “The Origins of Public Education in Baltimore, 1825-1829.” History of Education Quarterly 22 (1982): 23-43. (Check availability at UMBC)
Shepherd, H.E., ed. History of Baltimore, 1729-1898. Uniontown, PA: S.B. Nelson, 1989. (Check availability at UMBC)
Shusterman, Abraham. The Legacy of a Liberal: The Miracle of Har Sinai Congregation. Baltimore: Har Sinai Congregation, 1967. (Check availability at UMBC)
Spalding, Thomas W. The Premier See: A History of the Archdiocese of Baltimore, 1789-1994. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Press, 1995. (Check availability at UMBC)
State Roads Commission of Maryland. A History of Road Building in Maryland. Baltimore: The States Roads Commission, 1958. (Check availability at UMBC)
Steffen, Charles G. From Gentlemen to Townsmen: The Gentry of Baltimore County, Maryland, 1660-1776. Lexington: The University Press of Kentucky, 1993. (Check availability at UMBC)
Steiner, Bernard C. Archives of Maryland: Proceedings and Acts of the General Assembly, 1745-1747.Baltimore: Maryland Historical Society, 1925.
Stockbridge, Henry. “Baltimore in 1846.” Maryland Historical Magazine 6, No 1 (March 1911): 20-34.
Thomas, Bettye C. “A Nineteenth Century Black Operated Shipyard, 1866-1884.” Journal of Negro History 49, No. 1 (January 1974):1-12. (Check availability at UMBC)
Trollope, Frances Milton. Domestic Manners of the Americans. London: Whittaker, Teacher & Co., 1832. (Check availability at UMBC)
Vill, Martha. “Land Tenure, Property Ownership and Home Mortgages in the Late Nineteenth Century: A Case Study of Baltimore’s Germans.” Ph.D. Dissertation. University of Maryland College Park, 1975. (Check availability at UMBC)
Vill, Martha J. “Residential Development on a Landed Estate: The Case of Baltimore’s Harlem.” Maryland Historical Magazine, 77, No. 3 (Fall 1982): 266- 278.
Waesche, James F. Crowning the Gravelly Hill: A History of the Roland Park-Guildford- Homeland District. Baltimore: Maclay & Associates, 1987. (Check availability at UMBC)
Wagandt, Charles L. “Fighting Fires the Baltimore Way: A British View of 1862.” Maryland Historical Magazine 61 (1966) 257-261.
------------------------. The Mighty Revolution: Negro Emancipation in Maryland, 1862-1864. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1964. (Check availability at UMBC)
Walker, Paul K. “The Baltimore Community and the American Revolution: A Study in Urban Development.” Ph.D. dissertation, University of North Carolina, 1973. (Check availability at UMBC)
War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records.1st Series, Volume 2. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1880.
Warner, Amos G. Report of a Conference on Charities Held in Baltimore, April 15 and 16, 1887, Under the Auspices of the Charity Organization Society of Baltimore. Baltimore: William K. Boyle & Son, 1887.
Whitehome, Joseph A. Battle for Baltimore, 1814. Baltimore: The Nautical and Aviation Publishing Company of America, 1997. (Check availability at UMBC)
Whitman, T. Stephen. The Price of Freedom: Slavery and Manumission in Baltimore and Early National Maryland. Lexington: University of Kentucky Press, 1997. (Check availability at UMBC)
Williamson, Joel. The Crucible of Race: Black-White Relations in America Since Emancipation. New York: Oxford University Press, 1984.
Wood’s Baltimore City Directory for 1873. Baltimore, MD: John W. Woods, 1873.
